ARTES :: Amabook

Vincent van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh’s life and work are so intertwined that it is hardly possible to observe one without thinking of the other. Van Gogh has indeed become the incarnation of the suffering, misunderstood martyr of modern art, the emblem of the artist as an outsider. An article, published in 1890, gave details about van Gogh’s illness. The author of the article saw the painter as “a terrible and demented genius, often sublime, sometimes grotesque, always at the brink of the pathological.” Very little is known about Vincent’s childhood. At the age of eleven he had to leave “the human nest”, …

Vincent van Gogh’s life and work are so intertwined that it is hardly possible to observe one without thinking of the other. Van Gogh has indeed become the incarnation of the suffering, misunderstood martyr of modern art, the emblem of the artist as an outsider. An article, published in 1890, gave details about van Gogh’s illness. The author of the article saw the painter as “a terrible and demented genius, often sublime, sometimes grotesque, always at the brink of the pathological.” Very little is known about Vincent’s childhood. At the age of eleven he had to leave “the human nest”, as he called it himself, for various boarding schools. The first portrait shows us van Gogh as an earnest nineteen year old. At that time he had already been at work for three years in The Hague and, later, in London in the gallery Goupil & Co. In 1874 his love for Ursula Loyer ended in disaster and a year later he was transferred to Paris, against his will. After a particularly heated argument during Christmas holidays in 1881, his father, a pastor, ordered Vincent to leave. With this final break, he abandoned his family name and signed his canvases simply “Vincent”. He left for Paris and never returned to Holland. In Paris he came to know Paul Gauguin, whose paintings he greatly admired. The self-portrait was the main subject of Vincent’s work from 1886c88. In February 1888 Vincent left Paris for Arles and tried to persuade Gauguin to join him. The months of waiting for Gauguin were the most productive time in van Gogh’s life. He wanted to show his friend as many pictures as possible and decorate the Yellow House. But Gauguin did not share his views on art and finally returned to Paris. On 7 January, 1889, fourteen days after his famous self-mutilation, Vincent left the hospital where he was convalescing. Although he hoped to recover from and to forget his madness, but he actually came back twice more in the same year. During his last stay in hospital, Vincent painted landscapes in which he recreated the world of his childhood. It is said that Vincent van Gogh shot himself in the side in a field but decided to return to the inn and went to bed. The landlord informed Dr Gachet and his brother Theo, who described the last moments of his life which ended on 29 July, 1890: “I wanted to die. While I was sitting next to him promising that we would try to heal him. [...], he answered, ‘La tristesse durera toujours (The sadness will last forever).’”

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Alfons Mucha und Kunstwerke

Patrick Bade

Alfons Mucha ist der ungekrönte König der Jugendstil-Illustration. Für viele Menschen sind Muchas überirdisch schöne, von floralen Ornamentgeflechten umgegebene Frauen, die erste Assoziation mit der beliebten Kunstrichtung der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert. Muchas Kunst, die sich über die Jahrzehnte immer wieder neuer Beliebtheit erfreuen durfte, ist vor allem seit den 1960er Jahren nicht mehr aus dem Sortiment von Plakat- und Reproduktionsanbietern wegzudenken. Das vorliegende Werk bemüht sich nicht nur darum, einen umfassenden Überblick über Muchas Schaffen zu geben, sondern auch, dem Mann hinter der Kunst gerecht zu werden: seinem Leben, seiner Entwicklung als Künstler und seinem leidenschaftlichen Patriotismus für sein …

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Diego Rivera and artworks

Gerry Souter

They met in 1928, Frida Kahlo was then 21 years old and Diego Rivera was twice her age. He was already an international reference, she only aspired to become one. An intense artistic creation, along with pain and suffering, was generated by this tormented union, in particular for Frida. Constantly in the shadow of her husband, bearing his unfaithfulness and her jealousy, Frida exorcised the pain on canvas, and won progressively the public’s interest. On both continents, America and Europe, these commited artists proclaimed their freedom and left behind them the traces of their exceptional talent. In this book, Gerry …

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir y obras de arte

Natalia Brodskaya, Natalia Brodskaya

Pierre-Auguste Renoir nació en Limoges, el 25 de febrero de 1841. En 1854, sus padres lo sacaron de la escuela y le consiguieron un sitio en el taller de los hermanos Lévy, donde aprendió a pintar porcelana. El hermano menor de Renoir, Edmond, opinó al respecto: “A partir de lo que pintaba al carbón en las paredes concluyeron que tenía habilidad para las artes. Así fue como nuestros padres lo pusieron a aprender el oficio de pintor de porcelana”. Uno de los trabajadores de los Lévy, Emile Laporte, pintaba al óleo en su tiempo libre. Él le sugirió a Renoir …

Pierre-Auguste Renoir nació en Limoges, el 25 de febrero de 1841. En 1854, sus padres lo sacaron de la escuela y le consiguieron un sitio en el taller de los hermanos Lévy, donde aprendió a pintar porcelana. El hermano menor de Renoir, Edmond, opinó al respecto: “A partir de lo que pintaba al carbón en las paredes concluyeron que tenía habilidad para las artes. Así fue como nuestros padres lo pusieron a aprender el oficio de pintor de porcelana”. Uno de los trabajadores de los Lévy, Emile Laporte, pintaba al óleo en su tiempo libre. Él le sugirió a Renoir que usara sus lienzos y pinturas. Este ofrecimiento tuvo como resultado la primera pintura del futuro impresionista. En 1862, Renoir pasó sus exámenes, ingresó en la Escuela de Bellas Artes y, al mismo tiempo, en uno de los estudios independientes donde enseñaba Charles Gleyre, un profesor de la Escuela. El segundo, o tal vez incluso el primero de los grandes sucesos de este periodo en la vida de Renoir fue reunirse, en el estudio de Gleyre, con aquellos que se convertirían en sus mejores amigos durante el resto de su vida y que compartirían sus ideas sobre el arte. Mucho tiempo después, cuando ya era un artista maduro, Renoir tuvo la oportunidad de ver obras de Rembrandt en Holanda, de Velázquez, Goya y El Greco en España y de Rafael en Italia. Sin embargo, Renoir vivió y respiró la idea de un nuevo tipo de arte. Siempre encontró inspiración en el Louvre. “Para mí, en la era de Gleyre, el Louvre era Delacroix”, le confesó a su hijo. Para Renoir, la primera exhibición impresionista fue el momento en que se afirmó su visión del arte y del artista. Este periodo de la vida de Renoir estuvo marcado por otro acontecimiento significativo. En 1873 se mudó a Montmartre, a la casa número 35 de Rue Saint-Georges, donde vivió hasta 1884. Renoir siguió siendo leal a Montmartre durante el resto de su vida. Aquí encontró sus temas “plein-air”, sus modelos y hasta su familia. Fue en la década de 1870 cuando Renoir conoció a los amigos que lo acompañarían el resto de su vida. Uno de ellos fue el comerciante de arte Paul Durand-Ruel, que comenzó a comprar sus pinturas en 1872. En verano, Renoir siguió pintando muchas escenas de exteriores, junto con Monet. Viajó a Argenteuil, donde Monet alquiló una casa para su familia. Edouard Manet también trabajaba con ellos algunas veces. En 1877, en la tercera exhibición impresionista, Renoir presentó un panorama de más de veinte pinturas entre las que se encontraban paisajes creados en París, en el Sena, fuera de la ciudad y en los jardines de Claude Monet; estudios de cabezas femeninas y ramos de flores; retratos de Sisley, de la actriz Jeanne Samary, del escritor Alphonse Daudet y del político Spuller; además de las obras El columpio y El baile en el Moulin de la Galette. Finalmente, en la década de 1880, Renoir entró en una racha de buena suerte. Unos ricos empresarios, el propietario de Grands Magasins du Louvre y el senador Goujon, le encargaron unos trabajos. Sus pinturas se exhibieron en Londres y Bruselas, así como en la Séptima Exhibición Internacional llevada a cabo en la galería de Georges Petit en París, en 1886. En una carta a Durand-Ruel, que entonces se encontraba en Nueva York, Renoir escribió: “Ya se inauguró la exhibición de Petit y no va tan mal, o al menos eso dicen. Después de todo, es difícil juzgarse a sí mismo. Creo que he logrado dar un paso para ganar el respeto del público. Es un pequeño paso, pero es algo”.

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Katsushika Hokusai et œuvres d'art

C.J. Holmes

Katsushika Hokusai est sans doute l’artiste japonais le plus connu en Occident, et ce, depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle. Reflet de l’expression artistique d’une civilisation isolée, les œuvres de Hokusai, qui furent parmi les premières en provenance du Japon à émerger en Europe, influencèrent particulièrement les peintres impressionnistes et post-impressionnistes, tels que Vincent van Gogh. Considéré de son vivant comme un maître de l’estampe Ukiyo-e, Hokusai fascine par la variété et l’étendue de son Œuvre. Son travail, de près de quatre-vingt-dix ans, est présenté ici dans toute son importance et sa diversité.

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Egon Schiele and artworks

Ashley Bassie, Ether Selsdon, Jeanette Zwingenberger

Egon Schiele’s work is so distinctive that it resists categorisation. Admitted to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts at just sixteen, he was an extraordinarily precocious artist, whose consummate skill in the manipulation of line, above all, lent a taut expressivity to all his work. Profoundly convinced of his own significance as an artist, Schiele achieved more in his abruptly curtailed youth than many other artists achieved in a full lifetime. His roots were in the Jugendstil of the Viennese Secession movement. Like a whole generation, he came under the overwhelming influence of Vienna’s most charismatic and celebrated artist, Gustav …

Egon Schiele’s work is so distinctive that it resists categorisation. Admitted to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts at just sixteen, he was an extraordinarily precocious artist, whose consummate skill in the manipulation of line, above all, lent a taut expressivity to all his work. Profoundly convinced of his own significance as an artist, Schiele achieved more in his abruptly curtailed youth than many other artists achieved in a full lifetime. His roots were in the Jugendstil of the Viennese Secession movement. Like a whole generation, he came under the overwhelming influence of Vienna’s most charismatic and celebrated artist, Gustav Klimt. In turn, Klimt recognised Schiele’s outstanding talent and supported the young artist, who within just a couple of years, was already breaking away from his mentor’s decorative sensuality. Beginning with an intense period of creativity around 1910, Schiele embarked on an unflinching exposé of the human form – not the least his own – so penetrating that it is clear he was examining an anatomy more psychological, spiritual and emotional than physical. He painted many townscapes, landscapes, formal portraits and allegorical subjects, but it was his extremely candid works on paper, which are sometimes overtly erotic, together with his penchant for using under-age models that made Schiele vulnerable to censorious morality. In 1912, he was imprisoned on suspicion of a series of offences including kidnapping, rape and public immorality. The most serious charges (all but that of public immorality) were dropped, but Schiele spent around three despairing weeks in prison. Expressionist circles in Germany gave a lukewarm reception to Schiele’s work. His compatriot, Kokoschka, fared much better there. While he admired the Munich artists of Der Blaue Reiter, for example, they rebuffed him. Later, during the First World War, his work became better known and in 1916 he was featured in an issue of the left-wing, Berlin-based Expressionist magazine Die Aktion. Schiele was an acquired taste. From an early stage he was regarded as a genius. This won him the support of a small group of long-suffering collectors and admirers but, nonetheless, for several years of his life his finances were precarious. He was often in debt and sometimes he was forced to use cheap materials, painting on brown wrapping paper or cardboard instead of artists’ paper or canvas. It was only in 1918 that he enjoyed his first substantial public success in Vienna. Tragically, a short time later, he and his wife Edith were struck down by the massive influenza epidemic of 1918 that had just killed Klimt and millions of other victims, and they died within days of one another. Schiele was just twenty-eight years old.

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Stillleben 120 Illustrationen

Victoria Charles

Cézanne gelang es mit einer Teetasse die Existenz des Lebens zu zeigen und er erhob Stillleben zu einem Punkt, an dem sie nicht mehr leblos zu sein schienen. Wassily Kandinsky sagte über den französischen Künstler: „Er malte diese Dinge als menschliche Wesen, da er die Gabe hatte, in allem ein Seele zu erahnen.“ Neben Cézanne präsentiert dieses Buch Stillleben großer Künstler wie Van Gogh, Matisse, Chardin und Picasso. Sein praktisches Format macht es zu einem perfekten Geschenk.

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Paul Klee und Kunstwerke

Donald Wigal

Paul Klee gehört zu den Künstlern, die sich nur schwerlich einer bestimmten kunstgeschichtlichen Bewegung zuordnen lassen. In engem Kontakt mit Wassily Kandinsky und Franz Marc gehörte er wie diese der expressionistischen Künstlergruppe Der Blaue Reiter an. Später knüpfte er Verbindungen zum Bauhaus und unterrichtete sogar Malerei an der Dessauer Schule. Seiner Ansicht nach ging es bei der Kunst keineswegs um die Produktion, sondern vielmehr darum, die Dinge äußerst sichtbar werden zu lassen. In seinen Gemälden vereinte Klee geschickt die zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts vorherrschenden Tendenzen. Er führte kubistische und orphistische Elemente in den deutschen Expressionismus ein und verlieh seinen …

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Apokalypse

Camille Flammarion

Das letzte Buch der Bibel, die Offenbarung des Johannes (im Englischen auch "Apocalypse"), prophezeit das Ende aller Zeiten und schildert die Ereignisse, die das Weltende markieren werden. Während des Mittelalters wurde das Motiv des Weltuntergangs zu einem zentralen Thema in der Kunst und gleichzeitig ein Schreckgespenst des Volkes, das unter dem Einfluss religiöser Autorität in tiefer Angst vor einem zornigen Gott lebte. Glücklicherweise hielt dies die Künstler der Apokalypse nicht davon ab, ihrer Fantasie freien Lauf zu lassen und den stark symbolischen Charakter des Offenbarungstexts auf vielfältigste Art und Weise zu deuten und in den verschiedensten Werkstoffen umzusetzen. Dieses Buch …

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Auguste Rodin and artworks

Maria Rilke Rainer, Rainer Maria Rilke

Influenced by the masters of Antiquity, the genius of Michelangelo and Baroque sculpture, particularly of Bernini, Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) is one of the most renowned artists in history. Though Rodin is considered a founder of modern sculpture, he did not set out to critique past classical traditions. Many of his sculptures were criticised and considered controversial because of their sensuality or hyperrealist qualities. His most original works departed from traditional themes of mythology and allegory, and embraced the human body, celebrating individualism and physicality. This book uncovers the life and career of this highly acclaimed artist by exploring his most …

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Gustav Klimt et œuvres d'art

Jane Reynolds, Klaus Carl, Patrick Bade

Gustav Klimt (Baumgarten, 1862 – Vienne, 1918) «Faire un autoportrait ne m'intéresse pas. Les sujets de peinture qui m'intéressent ? Les autres et en particulier les femmes… » Aucune référence au monde extérieur ne vient contrarier le charme des allégories, portraits, paysages et autres personnages que l'artiste peint. Des couleurs et des motifs d'inspiration orientale (Klimt a été très influencé par le Japon, l'ancienne Egypte et la Ravenne byzantine), un espace bidimentionnel dépourvu de profondeur et une qualité souvent stylisée de l'image, autant d'éléments utilisés par le peintre pour créer une oeuvre séduisante, où le corps de la femme s'expose …

Gustav Klimt (Baumgarten, 1862 – Vienne, 1918) «Faire un autoportrait ne m'intéresse pas. Les sujets de peinture qui m'intéressent ? Les autres et en particulier les femmes… » Aucune référence au monde extérieur ne vient contrarier le charme des allégories, portraits, paysages et autres personnages que l'artiste peint. Des couleurs et des motifs d'inspiration orientale (Klimt a été très influencé par le Japon, l'ancienne Egypte et la Ravenne byzantine), un espace bidimentionnel dépourvu de profondeur et une qualité souvent stylisée de l'image, autant d'éléments utilisés par le peintre pour créer une oeuvre séduisante, où le corps de la femme s'expose dans toute sa volupté. A 14 ans, il obtient une bourse d'Etat pour entrer à la Kunstgewerbeschule (l'Ecole viennoise des Arts et Métiers). Très vite, ses talents de peintre et de dessinateur s'affirment. Ses toutes remières oeuvres lui valent un succès inhabituellement précoce. Sa première grande initiative date de 1879 : il crée cette année-là la Künstlerkompagnie (la compagnie des artistes) avec son frère Ernst, et Franz Matsch. A Vienne, la fin du XIXe siècle est une période d'effervescence architecturale. L'empereur François- Joseph décide, en 1857, de détruire les remparts entourant le coeur médiéval de la ville. Le Ring, financé par l'argent du contribuable, est alors construit : de magnifiques résidences y côtoient de superbes parcs. Ces changements profitent à Klimt et à ses associés, leur fournissant de multiples occasions de faire montre de leur talent. En 1897, Klimt, accompagné de quelques amis proches, quitte la très conservatrice Künstlerhausgenossenschaft (Société coopérative des artistes autrichiens) ; il fonde le mouvement Sécession et en prend la présidence. La reconnaissance est immédiate. Au-dessus du porche d'entrée de l'édifice, conçu par José Maria Olbrich est inscrite la devise du mouvement : «A chaque âge son art, à l'art sa liberté. » A partir de 1897, Klimt passa pratiquement tous ses étés sur l'Attersee, en compagnie de la famille Flöge. Durant ces périodes de paix et de tranquillité, il eut l'occasion de peindre de nombreux paysages qui constituent un quart de son oeuvre complète. Klimt exécute des croquis préparatoires à la plus grande partie de ses réalisations. Parfois, il exécute plus de cent études pour un seul tableau. Le caractère exceptionnel de l'oeuvre de Klimt tient peut-être à l'absence de prédécesseurs et de réels disciples. Il admirait Rodin et Whistler sans les copier servilement. En retour, il fut admiré par les peintres viennois de la jeune génération, tels Egon Schiele et Oskar Kokoschka.

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Pablo Picasso and artworks

Victoria Charles

Picasso was born a Spaniard and, so they say, began to draw before he could speak. As an infant he was instinctively attracted to artist’s tools. In early childhood he could spend hours in happy concentration drawing spirals with a sense and meaning known only to himself. At other times, shunning children’s games, he traced his first pictures in the sand. This early self-expression held out promise of a rare gift. Málaga must be mentioned, for it was there, on 25 October 1881, that Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born and it was there that he spent the first ten years …

Picasso was born a Spaniard and, so they say, began to draw before he could speak. As an infant he was instinctively attracted to artist’s tools. In early childhood he could spend hours in happy concentration drawing spirals with a sense and meaning known only to himself. At other times, shunning children’s games, he traced his first pictures in the sand. This early self-expression held out promise of a rare gift. Málaga must be mentioned, for it was there, on 25 October 1881, that Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born and it was there that he spent the first ten years of his life. Picasso’s father was a painter and professor at the School of Fine Arts and Crafts. Picasso learnt from him the basics of formal academic art training. Then he studied at the Academy of Arts in Madrid but never finished his degree. Picasso, who was not yet eighteen, had reached the point of his greatest rebelliousness; he repudiated academia’s anemic aesthetics along with realism’s pedestrian prose and, quite naturally, joined those who called themselves modernists, the non-conformist artists and writers, those whom Sabartés called “the élite of Catalan thought” and who were grouped around the artists’ café Els Quatre Gats. During 1899 and 1900 the only subjects Picasso deemed worthy of painting were those which reflected the “final truth”; the transience of human life and the inevitability of death. His early works, ranged under the name of “Blue Period” (1901-1904), consist in blue-tinted paintings influenced by a trip through Spain and the death of his friend, Casagemas. Even though Picasso himself repeatedly insisted on the inner, subjective nature of the Blue Period, its genesis and, especially, the monochromatic blue were for many years explained as merely the results of various aesthetic influences. Between 1905 and 1907, Picasso entered a new phase, called “Rose Period” characterised by a more cheerful style with orange and pink colours. In Gosol, in the summer of 1906 the nude female form assumed an extraordinary importance for Picasso; he equated a depersonalised, aboriginal, simple nakedness with the concept of “woman”...

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